As a part of the analysis, fecal samples were taken from participants within
the Microbiome Project. The final sample included 906 individuals across seven
countries. They were selected based on their residence in different parts of
the world, meaning they were more likely to be exposed to different
environmental factors.
Microbiology Tests.
After being collected, the microbial DNA was extracted from the samples. The
extraction process involved a combination of methods, with amplification steps
included in this process. These amplification steps involved the action of
enzymes and thermolabile DNA polymerases. Metagenomics sequencing was performed
to complement the data and identify all potential microbial species. The
metagenomic sequencing involved analyzing the sample to determine the genomic
information of all bacteria found there. This method was necessary for
including the vast number of microbial species present in these samples, not
just the predominant species present.
Molecular biology lab services.
The samples were subjected to several tests. These included sequencing,
identification, and culture. Sequencing was performed on the genomic DNA extracted
from the samples, which involved amplifying and sequencing the DNA and
identifying any microbes present through our knowledge of their genetic makeup.
Identification was achieved by culturing the sample and determining what
species of microbes were present through a biochemical process called
phenotypic testing. Culture is performed on a sample to test certain traits to
identify specific bacteria. The bacteria are grown in an ideal environment,
allowing us to determine their genetic makeup and how they respond to certain
conditions.
Genotyping and metagenomics sequencing.
The genomes of all microbes present were sequenced using metagenomics
sequencing techniques. This information was combined with the knowledge of the
genes present in each microbiome analysis, allowing us to determine each
microbial species' identity and relative population sizes within the sample.
The results of these microbiome analysis and the genomic information on both
the microbes present and the genes present within each allowed us to categorize
the microbiome into different groups. These groups were named according to
their ecological function, such as skin and oral microbiomes. The genetic
microbane analysis allowed for grouping all microbes homogeneously found in all
samples. This information was crucial in providing a foundation for further
microbiome analysis of the microbial communities present in each individual's
microbiome.
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